Last year I grew all my bits in pots, heres what I grew

Runner Beans - large pot - 4 canes to a pot
2 types of beetroot - small for salads, and bigger ones for roasting
Carrots
4 different types of lettuce
Radish
Courgettes
Strawberries
Garlic
A huge variety of herbs

Have a think about what you like to eat, and give it a go. You can grow potatoes in sacks on the patio and tomatoes and strawberries in hanging baskets.

Good luck